Segmentation
Principle 01 in Matrix-73
Principle 01 in Matrix-84
Principle 01 in Matrix-2003
de: Segmentierung
en: Segmentation
ru: Приём дробления
de: Zerlegung
en: Decomposition
Recommendations
de: Erhöhe den Grad der Zerlegung des Objektes.
en: Increase the degree of fragmentation or segmentation.
ru: Степень разложения объекта должна быть увеличена.
de: Zerlege das Objekt in unabhängige, gleiche Teile.
en: Divide the object into independent, equal parts.
ru: Объект должен быть разделен на независимые равные части.
de: Führe das Objekt zerlegbar aus.
en: Make the object easy to disassemble.
ru: Объект должен быть разложен.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Division of a means of transport into smaller and smaller independent parts (used to improve air flow) is an innovation that has been applied in improving the cooling of electronics [36].
- Isolation of the harmful properties into an individual segment allows such properties to be considered independently of the rest of the system.
- In addition, segmentation can alter system properties and introduce new properties.
- In keeping with the true sense of division of parts, the application of segmentation to programming is done by object-oriented methods, or functional modularity. This type of segmentation is used in systems engineering to achieve decoupling between systems, to implement service-oriented architecture (SOA), and to develop a work breakdown structure.
- A third approach applies when an object is already segmented and requires increasing the degree of segmentation. In systems engineering, this is manifest by the definition of increasing levels of sub system definition.
- Segmentation has already been implemented within computer systems in transitioning from mainframes to personal computers.
- In software systems, this segmentation has been proposed to be the division into intelligent agents [18].
- Making an object sectional — easy to take apart and put together — was an innovation which resulted in “ready to assemble” furniture. When applied to software and systems, this approach invokes the principles of modular design.
- Segmentation is the process of dividing a system into parts. Such a division permits the isolation of system properties.
- Dividing an object into independent parts results in segmentation.
- The divisions applied can be real or artificial, psychological, or physical.
Separation
Principle 02 in Matrix-73
Principle 02 in Matrix-84
Principle 02 in Matrix-2003
de: Prinzip der Abtrennung
en: Taking out
ru: Приём вынесения
de: Gesonderte Behandlung
en: Extraction
Recommendations
de: Trenne vom Objekt das störende Teil, die störende Eigenschaft, ab.
en: Remove the disturbing part or property from the object.
ru: Из объекта отделить мешающую часть с вредным свойством.
de: Zerlege das Objekt in unterschiedliche Teile.
en: Divide the object into different parts.
ru: Предлагается разделить объект на разные части.
Lippert's Recommendations
- In a computer system, extraction is represented in the identification and removal of bugs and in the correction of system failures.
- Extraction can enable reuse and can be formalized through the development of patterns. It implies a refinement of the system.
- In process improvement, extraction is achieved by the application of Lean principles.
- Extracting only the necessary part or property from an object is exemplified by the isolation of a signal from a noisy transmission; or, in the case of computer systems, the extraction of user interface components (monitors and keyboards) from the processing unit.
- In a computer, the removal of heat is an extraction.
- Similarly, extraction of the disturbing part or property from an object is seen in the development of an X-ray shield that has cut-outs in the shape of the lungs to better protect the parts of the body that do not need to be exposed.
- In contrast to segmentation, extraction involves the removal of things from the system. Extraction requires the separation of useful or harmful parts or properties from the whole system. This allows what is needed, or conversely what is not needed, to be taken from the system. This can be achieved by extracting the cause of the undesirable property or function.
LocalQuality
Principle 03 in Matrix-73
Principle 03 in Matrix-84
Principle 03 in Matrix-2003
de: Örtliche Qualität
en: Local Quality
ru: Приём местного качества
de: Schaffen optimaler Bedingungen
Recommendations
de: Für jedes Teil des Objektes sind solche Bedingungen zu sichern, die seiner Arbeit am zuträglichsten sind.
en: Every part of the object should be under conditions that are most conducive to its work.
ru: Каждая часть объекта должна находиться в условиях, наиболее благоприятных для его работы.
de: Gehe von der homogenen Struktur des Objektes oder des umgebenden Mediums zu einer inhomogenen Struktur über.
en: Transform the homogeneous structure of the object or the surrounding medium into an inhomogeneous structure.
ru: Однородная структура объекта или окружающей среды должна быть преобразована в неоднородную.
de: Lasse jedes Teil eines Objekts eine andere und nützliche Funktion erfüllen.
en: Make each part of an object fulfill a different and useful function.
ru: Сделай так, чтобы каждая часть предмета выполняла свою полезную функцию.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Systems engineering is working to achieve local quality of systems through localization techniques. One such system that has automated this principle is self-positioning solar panels that can track the movement of the sun and reposition to optimize their energy producing ability.
- In the mechanical world, this type of specialization may be exemplified by a pencil with an eraser at one end. To achieve optimum function, each part must be placed in conditions that favor it.
- Optimum functions can be achieved by varying interactions over time for various characteristics of the system.
- Another recent transition from a homogeneous structure to a heterogeneous one is in the development of distributed computing platforms such as the cloud.
- Such improvement can result from the transition of a homogeneous to a heterogeneous structure for the object or its environment. This may result in the use of a gradient as that being created to produce multistate memory [38] which can replace binary memory for computer systems.
- Changing the characteristics of something in a specific area (location) to gain the desired functionality will, in turn, increase the quality in that area.
- Local quality can also be achieved by having different parts of an object carry out different functions. Also referred to as specialization, this is observed in service-oriented architecture (SOA).
- Improving local quality can improve efficiency.
Asymmetry
Principle 04 in Matrix-73
Principle 04 in Matrix-84
Principle 04 in Matrix-2003
de: Asymmetrie
en: Asymmetry
ru: Приём асимметрии
Recommendations
de: Gehe von einer symmetrischen Form des Objektes zu einer asymmetrischen über.
en: Move from a symmetrical shape of the object to an asymmetric one.
ru: От симметричной формы объекта необходимо перейти к асимметричной.
de: Erhöhe den Grad der Asymmetrie, wenn das Objekt bereits asymmetrisch ist.
en: Increase the degree of asymmetry if the object is already asymmetric.
ru: Степень асимметрии должна быть увеличена, если объект уже асимметричен.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Making something asymmetrical can be challenging, but it is accomplished in many solutions such as dynamic load balancing and resource allocation.
- Since engineers seem to have an unconscious bias towards symmetrical design [4], changing symmetry will often result in new innovation.
- In manufacturing, asymmetry in parts reduces errors in assembly [39]. This exemplifies changing the shape of the object or system to suit external asymmetries.
- Asymmetry is the process of transitioning from isotropic to anisotropic or vice-versa. That is, a property invariant with respect to direction of measurement will transition to a property that differs according to the direction of measurement.
- In computer and systems science, customization could result in this type of change.
Coupling
Principle 05 in Matrix-73
Principle 05 in Matrix-84
Principle 05 in Matrix-2003
de: Kopplung
en: Coupling
ru: Приём объединения
Recommendations
de: Kopple gleichartige oder zu koordinierende Systeme oder Operationen.
en: Bring closer together (or merge) identical or similar objects, assemble identical or similar parts to perform parallel operations.
ru: Подобные или координирующие системы или операции должны быть объединены.
de: Vorgänge zusammenhängend oder parallel machen; sie zeitlich zusammenführen.
en: Make operations contiguous or parallel; bring them together in time.
ru: Сделать операции смежными или параллельными; свести их во времени.
Universality
Principle 06 in Matrix-73
Principle 06 in Matrix-84
Principle 06 in Matrix-2003
de: Universalität
en: Universality
ru: Приём универсальности
de: Mehrzwecknutzung
Recommendations
de: Das Objekt erfüllt mehrere unterschiedliche Funktionen, wodurch weitere gesonderte Objekte überflüssig werden.
en: The object fulfills several different functions, which makes additional separate objects superfluous.
ru: Объект выполняет несколько различных функций, что делает ненужными дополнительные объекты.
Lippert's Recommendations
- To achieve this result, a system can be made more dynamic, with interchangeable elements, or the system can use adjustable features.
- This universality can refer to a feature, an action or a condition of the system over space and/or time as well as the use of an object for different purposes.
- In systems engineering, this is manifest in localization and multifunctional resources.
- Universality addresses making a system more uniform and more comprehensive in its function.
- Additionally, universality can refer to the same requirement or use of different objects for the same purpose or result.
- Patterns are derived by the recognition of universality.
- Objects can be adjusted by removing system elements, thereby allowing a single object to perform several different functions.
- Allowing customization, patterns form the foundation for reuse.
Nesting
Principle 07 in Matrix-73
Principle 07 in Matrix-84
Principle 07 in Matrix-2003
de: Matrjoschka-Prinzip
en: Nested Doll
ru: Приём вложенности («матрёшки»)
de: Integration
en: Nesting (matryoshka)
Recommendations
de: Bringe ein Objekt im Inneren eines anderen unter, das sich wiederum im Inneren eines dritten befindet.
en: Place an object inside another, which in turn is inside a third.
ru: Объект размещается внутри другого, который, в свою очередь, находится внутри третьего.
de: Ein Objekt durchläuft oder füllt den Hohlraum eines anderen Objektes.
en: An object passes through or fills the cavity of another object.
ru: Объект проходит через или заполняет полость другого объекта.
Lippert's Recommendations
- In computer systems, nesting of objects is manifest in programming through multiple layers of abstraction and inheritance as well as programming in layered computer network architecture such as the OSI model.
- In computer science, this is most commonly referred to as encapsulation, in which data and functions are protected from “outside” influence.
- Another perspective of nesting is that of an object passing through a void in another object, such as is common in a camera’s zoom lens.
- Nesting optimizes space utilization and can be used to protect objects. Subassemblies can exhibit this quality.
- Nesting is the quality of being made to fit closely, to fit together, or to fit one inside of another.
- In computer network communication, the use of tunneling is an example of this type of nesting.
- Steganography, the hiding of information within digital images, can also be considered a special form of matrioshka.
- Modulation, where a message signal is conveyed inside another signal that can be physically transmitted, is a type of nesting.
- These wrappers allow ease of movement of information through a system that might reject the native form. Such wrappers are common in digital communications.
- Wrappers are another common artifact of computer data processing systems.
Countermass
Principle 08 in Matrix-73
Principle 08 in Matrix-84
Principle 08 in Matrix-2003
de: Gegengewicht
en: Anti-Weight
ru: Приём противовеса
en: Countermass
Recommendations
de: Kompensiere das Gewicht des Objektes durch die Kopplung mit einem anderen Objekt, das Tragkraft besitzt.
en: Compensate the weight of the object by coupling it with another object that has bearing capacity.
ru: Вес объекта должен быть компенсирован путем соединения его с другим объектом, который обладает несущей способностью.
de: Kompensiere das Gewicht des Objektes durch Wechselwirkung mit einem Medium.
en: Compensate the weight of the object by interaction with a medium.
ru: Вес объекта должен быть компенсирован взаимодействием со средой.
Lippert's Recommendations
- This can be achieved through a more uniform distribution, or it can be achieved by use of a contrary action or force to alleviate an effect.
- Other environmental forces that require balancing in digital systems include power, space, cooling, bandwidth constraints, and network latency.
- Floating is enabled by weight being countered by hydrodynamic forces; flying is enabled by aerodynamic lift.
- The encouragement with this principle is to examine the environment to find existing opposing forces that can be applied.
- The act of counterbalancing is compensation, or opposition, to bring into balance an environmental force.
- In systems engineering, this principle is manifest in distributed architectures where a more uniform distribution of resources is evident.
EarlyCounteraction
Principle 09 in Matrix-73
Principle 09 in Matrix-84
Principle 09 in Matrix-2003
de: Vorherige Gegenwirkung
en: Preliminary Prior-Action
ru: Приём предварительного противодействия
de: Prinzip der Vorspannung
en: Preliminary Counteraction
Recommendations
de: Wenn gemäß den Bedingungen der Aufgabe eine bestimmte Wirkung erzielt werden soll, erzeuge vorher die Gegenwirkung.
en: If a certain effect is to be achieved according to the conditions of the task, first generate the counteraction.
ru: Чтобы в соответствии с условиями задачи достигать определенный эффект, сначала должно быть создано противодействие.
de: Vorab Spannungen in einem Objekt erzeugen, die bekannten späteren unerwünschten Arbeitsbelastungen entgegenwirken.
en: Create beforehand stresses in an object that will oppose known undesirable working stresses later on
ru: Заранее создать в объекте напряжения, которые в дальнейшем будут противостоять известным нежелательным рабочим напряжениям.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Cushioning the system in advance is a means to deal with types of unreliability that cannot be eliminated.
- These steps are all examples of preliminary counteraction.
- Fail-overs are designed into systems as protection from component failure.
- releases to prevent blocking in resource access, as well as input handlers that eliminate error [40].
- Error-handling routines are programmed into systems anticipating user and system errors.
- These analyses examine known failures, invent failures to expose weak points in a design, expose potentially dangerous conditions, and show the effect of (unanticipated) human interaction and exposure of the system to different sources of energy.
- In digital systems that includes uninterruptible power supplies to cushion against loss of power in critical systems, scheduled backups to safeguard data, timed
- Several solutions seen in risk mitigation are applications of this principle.
- Critical to this principal is the recognition that every system has some capacity for unreliability which cannot be eliminated.
- Counteraction can apply equally to functions, events, and conditions.
- RAID storage divides and duplicates information stored on a computer disk because of the assumption that there will be failures on the disk.
- In systems engineering, determining what might go wrong is the foundation for risk management and for potential failure modes analysis.
- Throttling is a mechanism that can control a flow which could overwhelm the receiving system.
- Preliminary counteraction involves determining what might go wrong in advance and taking a counter action to eliminate, reduce, or prevent the occurrence of the undesirable effect.
PreferredAction
Principle 10 in Matrix-73
Principle 10 in Matrix-84
Principle 10 in Matrix-2003
de: Vorherige Wirkung
en: Preliminary Action
ru: Приём предварительного действия
de: Vorfertigung
ru: Заранее выполненное действие
Recommendations
de: Bereite die Objekte vorab so vor, dass sie ohne Zeitverlust vom geeignetsten Ort aus wirken können.
en: Prepare the objects in advance in such a way that they can work without delay at the most suitable place.
ru: Объекты сначала должны быть настроены таким образом, чтобы они могли работать без задержки из наиболее подходящего места.
de: Erziele die erforderliche Wirkung vorab (vollständig oder auch teilweise).
en: Achieve the required effect beforehand (completely or partially).
ru: Требуемый эффект должен быть достигнут заранее (полностью или частично).
PreliminaryAction
Principle 11 in Matrix-73
Principle 11 in Matrix-84
Principle 11 in Matrix-2003
de: Prävention
en: Beforehand Cushioning
ru: Приём заранее подложенной подушки
de: Vorbeugen
en: Prevention
Recommendations
de: Kompensiere die relativ geringe Zuverlässigkeit des Objektes durch vorher bereitgestellte Hilfsmittel.
en: Prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an object.
ru: Относительно низкая надежность объекта компенсируется ранее предоставленными средствами.
de: Sieh eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung von Rettungs- und anderen Notfallmaßnahmen vor.
en: A device is foreseen for performing rescue and other emergency actions.
ru: Заранее предусматривается устройство для выполнения спасательных и других аваририйных действий.
Lippert's Recommendations
- This principle should not be confused with preliminary counteraction that requires an opposing action.
- The principle of preliminary action refers to the performance of an action earlier in time than the occurrence of another event.
- One way to implement this principle is by performing required changes to an object completely or partially in advance. This is an anticipatory application; as such, it is preventative maintenance.
- In computer systems, preliminary action can be implemented as preprocessing, prefetching, and caching of information. Another means of implementation is to place an object in a position that is in advance of the object’s need, so it can go into action from the most convenient location. Preliminary action is a critical part of lean manufacturing and process improvement and applies to any process that uses materials or information.
- Preliminary action can be used to increase performance and safety, as well as to support correct actions and outcomes.
Equipotentiality
Principle 12 in Matrix-73
Principle 12 in Matrix-84
Principle 12 in Matrix-2003
de: Äquipotenzialität
en: Equipotentiality
ru: Приём эквипотенциальности
de: Äquipotentieller Transport
Recommendations
de: Verändere die Arbeitsbedingungen so, dass das Objekt mit konstantem Energiepotenzial arbeiten kann, z.B. nicht angehoben oder herabgelassen werden muss.
en: Change the working conditions in such a way that the object can work with a constant energy potential, and has not to be raised or lowered.
ru: Рабочие условия должны быть изменены таким образом, чтобы объект мог работать с постоянным энергетическим потенциалом, его не нужно поднимать или опускать.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Load balancing can help enforce that uniformity.
- The environment, the structure of the object and the system can all be used in implementing this principle.
- Digital systems have a few analogies to this principle.
- This is an integral part of lean manufacturing: eliminating undesirable or wasteful action.
- There are three concepts that make up this principle and they can be used in combination or separately:
* create associations with the system to support equal potential.
* create uniform potential to achieve a system benefit.
* establish contiguous relationships and associations.
- Ultimately, the condition of the work is changed so that it will not require unnecessary movement such as lifting and lowering.
- Networks are established to enable different pathways between nodes which then help to establish a uniform potential.
- Within a computer, memory swapping helps create uniformity in the access of information.
- The goal of this principal is to conduct the process spending a minimum amount of energy on auxiliary actions or functions.
InverseAction
Principle 13 in Matrix-73
Principle 13 in Matrix-84
Principle 13 in Matrix-2003
de: Funktionsumkehr
en: The Other Way Around
ru: Приём Наоборот
de: Inversion
en: Inverse Action
Recommendations
de: Gestalte den beweglichen Teil des Objektes oder des umgebenden Mediums unbeweglich, und den unbeweglichen beweglich.
en: Make the moving part of the object or the surrounding medium immobile, and the immovable movable.
ru: Сделай движущуюся часть объекта или окружающую среду неподвижной, а неподвижную - подвижной.
de: Erziele statt der Wirkung, die durch die Bedingungen der Aufgabe vorgeschrieben wird, die umgekehrte Wirkung.
en: Instead of the effect prescribed by the conditions of the task, achieve the reverse effect.
ru: Вместо эффекта, предписанного условиями задачи, достигается обратный эффект.
de: Stelle das Objekt auf den Kopf bzw. kehre es um.
en: Put the object upside down or reverse it.
ru: Перевернуть объект вверх ногами или другим способом наоборот.
Lippert's Recommendations
- For example, action vs. no action is not the same as action vs. antiaction.
- For example, a moveable part may be made stationary or vice versa; or the object can be turned upside down or inside out.
- A common manifestation of this principle is a treadmill where the walking person does not advance but instead the “ground” does so.
- In computer systems, sorting is approached in this fashion in databases where the indices can be inverted for faster search time.
- It is important to understand that there are two possibilities for reverse — one where there is nothing, and one where the opposite is taken.
- This principle is focused on thinking of the opposite. In place of a direct action, the opposite action is implemented.
SphericalShape
Principle 14 in Matrix-73
Principle 14 in Matrix-84
Principle 14 in Matrix-2003
de: Prinzip der sphärischen Form
en: Spheroidality
ru: Приём сфероидальности
en: Ball Similarity
Recommendations
de: Gehe von geradlinigen Konturen zu gekrümmten, von ebenen Flächen zu sphärischen über.
en: From straight contours go to curved ones, from flat surfaces go to spherical ones.
ru: От прямых контуров переходить к изогнутым, от плоских поверхностей к сферическим.
de: Gehe von einer geradlinigen Bewegung zur Rotation über.
en: Move from the rectilinear motion to rotation.
ru: От прямолинейного движения переходить к вращению.
de: Verwende Rollen, Kugeln, Spiralen.
en: Use rollers, balls, spirals.
ru: Используются ролики, шарики, спирали.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Computer program processing has also gone from linear (procedural) code to nonlinear (event oriented).
- This can be a change from linear to nonlinear, or it can be a change in a coordinate system (Cartesian to polar).
- Basic structuring of networks and information also show a shift from more linear
- Data input to computers has followed this principle and has moved from cards and linear tape to circular disks.
- Circular buffering also demonstrates this principle.
- Feedback can create a spherical path in a system.
- arrangements (e.g., hierarchical) to more circular ones (e.g., graphs).
- Spheroidality is achieved by replacing linear attributes with curved or spherical ones.
Dynamization
Principle 15 in Matrix-73
Principle 15 in Matrix-84
Principle 15 in Matrix-2003
de: Dynamisierung
en: Dynamization
ru: Приём динамичности
de: Prinzip der ständigen Anpassung
en: Dynamics
Recommendations
de: Falls das Objekt insgesamt unbeweglich ist, gestalte es beweglich (verstellbar).
en: If the object as a whole is immobile, make it movable (adjustable).
ru: Если объект в целом неподвижен, он должен стать подвижным (регулируемым).
de: Zerlege das Objekt in Teile, die sich zueinander verstellen oder verschieben lassen.
en: Break down the object into parts that can be displaced or shifted.
ru: Объект разбить на части, которые могут быть смещены или сдвинуты.
de: Verändere die Kennwerte des Objektes (oder des umgebenden Mediums) so, dass sie in jeder Arbeitsetappe optimal sind (Anpassung).
en: Change the characteristics of the object (or the surrounding medium) to be optimal in each work step (adaptation).
ru: Характеристики объекта (или окружающей среды) должны меняться, чтобы быть оптимальными на каждом этапе работы (адаптация).
Lippert's Recommendations
- This principle focuses on change and adaptability. A system, state, or property is made ephemeral, temporary, moveable, adaptive, flexible, or changeable.
- Computers have enabled a great deal of dynamism by moving print to digital media.
- Dynamic scaling is one property of the principle of timesharing found in cloud computing.
- Most recently, programs utilize dynamic load libraries and have dynamic cache, dynamic menus, and dynamic scaling.
- The focus is to change characteristics of the object or environment to achieve optimal performance or action.
- It is also possible to divide the object into parts that can change their position relative to one another.
- One means of implementing this principle is to make the stationary and moveable dimensions interchangeable.
- It is also possible to make similar changes in the environment as opposed to the object.
PartialOrExcessiveEffect
Principle 16 in Matrix-73
Principle 16 in Matrix-84
Principle 16 in Matrix-2003
de: Prinzip der partiellen oder überschüssigen Wirkung
en: Slightly more, slightly less
ru: Приём частичного или избыточного действия
de: Prinzip der nicht vollständigen Lösung
en: Partial or excessive effect
Recommendations
de: Wenn 100% des erforderlichen Effekts schwer zu erzielen sind, erziele „ein bisschen weniger“ oder „ein bisschen mehr“.
en: If 100% of the required effect is difficult to achieve, then achieve a little less or a little bit more.
ru: Если 100% требуемого эффекта трудно достичь, то достичь немного меньше или немного больше.
TransitionToAnotherDimension
Principle 17 in Matrix-84
Principle 17 in Matrix-2003
de: Übergang in eine andere Dimension
en: Another Dimension
ru: Приём перехода в другое измерение
Recommendations
de: Ordne die Objekte statt in nur einer Ebene in mehreren Ebenen angeordnet.
en: Instead of arrangement in only a layer arrange objects in multiple layers.
ru: Вместо размещения только в один слой размещать объекты в нескольких слоях.
de: Stelle das Objekt geneigt auf.
en: The object is inclined to be placed.
ru: Объект размещать склонным образом.
de: Nutze die Rückseite des gegebenen Objektes aus.
en: Exploit the back of the given object.
ru: Использовать обратную сторону данного объекта.
de: Bei Schwierigkeiten der Bewegung eines Objektes längs einer Linie gehe zu zwei Dimensionen über, d.h. bewege es in einer Ebene. Analog werden Schwierigkeiten einer zweidimensionalen Bewegung von Objekten durch Übergang zum dreidimensionalen Raum beseitigt.
en: Move an object in two- or three-dimensional space
ru: Трудности, возникающие в результате привязки движения объекта к линии, устраняются, когда объект перемещается в двух измерениях, то есть в плоскости. Трудности, связанные с перемещением объектов на плоскости устраняются при переходе в трехмерное пространство.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Format changes, such as binary to hex, can also be considered dimensional changes.
- Disruptive technologies, developed outside of the normal technology strategy, can be in a different dimension.
- This change in dimension allows their undetected maturation.
- All dimensions are considered by this principle. Vertical to horizontal, straight or perpendicular to diagonal, two dimensional to three dimensional or to four dimensional are all transitions into new dimensions.
- These transitions can be applied multiple times and in either (or all) directions.
- Computer-based visualization allows transition from two dimensions to three or four and beyond into augmented and virtual reality.
- Computer memory caching can transition from a permanent (disk) to a temporary (RAM) dimension.
MechanicalVibrations
Principle 18 in Matrix-84
Principle 18 in Matrix-2003
de: Ausnutzung mechanischer Schwingungen
en: Exploitation of mechanical vibrations
ru: Приём использования механических колебаний
en: Mechanical Oscillations
Recommendations
de: Verwende Piezovibratoren statt mechanischer Vibratoren.
en: Use piezovibrators instead of mechanical ones.
ru: Вместо механических вибраторов должны использоваться пьезовибраторы.
de: Nutze Ultraschallschwingungen in Verbindung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern.
en: Use ultrasonic vibrations in conjunction with electromagnetic fields.
ru: Используйте ультразвуковые колебания в сочетании с электромагнитными полями.
de: Versetze das Objekt in Schwingungen.
en: Vibrate the object.
ru: Объект должен вибрировать.
de: Nutze Resonanzfrequenzen aus.
en: Exploit the resonant frequency.
ru: Собственная частота должна эксплуатироваться.
de: Falls eine solche Bewegung bereits vorliegt, erhöhe ihre Frequenz bis hin zur Ultaschallfrequenz.
en: If such a movement already exists, increase its frequency, up to the ultrasonic frequency.
ru: Если такое движение уже существует, его частота должна быть увеличена до ультразвуковой.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Full and complete utilization of the electromagnetic spectrum also utilizes this principle.
- Mechanical vibration requires understanding that a stable system is not always best and recognizes that there is a place for controlled instability or variation.
- Scheduling, queue handling, and randomness in systems demonstrate this principle.
- This principle is concerned with the use of vibration or oscillation to involve a regular, periodic variation in value about a mean.
PeriodicAction
Principle 19 in Matrix-73
Principle 19 in Matrix-84
Principle 19 in Matrix-2003
de: Periodische Wirkung
en: Periodic action
ru: Приём периодического действия
de: Impuls-Arbeitsweise
Recommendations
de: Nutze die Pausen zwischen den Impulsen für eine andere Wirkung aus.
en: Exploit the pauses between the pulses for another effect.
ru: Паузы между импульсами должны использоваться для другого эффекта.
de: Gehe von einer kontinuierlichen Wirkung zu einer periodischen (Impulswirkung) über.
en: From the continuous action go over to a periodic one (impulse action).
ru: Перейти от непрерывного действия к периодическому (импульсное действие).
de: Wenn die Wirkung bereits periodisch erfolgt, ändere die Periodizität.
en: If the effect is already periodic, change the periodicity.
ru: Если эффект уже периодический, периодичность должна быть изменена.
Lippert's Recommendations
- In transmission of images, layers of the image are transmitted through bursts of data transmission providing an increasingly sharper image.
- Additionally, both uniform and random patterns can be applied to the frequency and amplitude to alter the periodicity of the action.
- Variation can be introduced by changing the frequency or amplitude of the periodic action.
- Continuous actions can be made periodic by changing how the action is done.
- Some major examples of this principle are: burst-mode transmissions, batch processing, and image projection.
- In computer screens, the refresh frequency can be altered to suit the viewer’s requirements.
ContinuityOfUsefulAction
Principle 20 in Matrix-73
Principle 20 in Matrix-84
Principle 20 in Matrix-2003
de: Kontinuität der nützlichen Wirkung
en: Continuity of Useful Action
ru: Приём непрерывности полезного действия
en: Uninterrupted Useful Action
Recommendations
de: Die Funktion soll kontinuierlich erfolgen (alle Teile des Objektes sollen ständig mit gleichmäßiger Belastung arbeiten).
en: The function should be continuous (all parts of the object should constantly work with equal load).
ru: Функция должна быть непрерывной (все части объекта должны постоянно работать с одинаковой нагрузкой).
de: Vermeide Leerläufe und Unterbrechungen.
en: Prevent idle times and interruptions.
ru: Холостой ход и прерывания следует избегать.
Lippert's Recommendations
- In computer science, continuity of useful action can be extrapolated to the adage “don’t fix what isn’t broken” with regards to upgrading systems.
- Having a constant, continuous flow can eliminate system idleness and sometimes intermediate actions. This principle avoids starting and stopping an action as well as the elimination of nondynamic parts of a flow. It leads to balanced utilization and is also a part of lean manufacturing.
- On the other hand, the continuous action might not be of the system, but of the user of the system which would be the case with software.
- Hardware implementations provide continuous action by avoiding system restarts and by employing continuous refreshing and failover.
- A system with continuous, useful action should remain that way after being updated.
RushingThrough
Principle 21 in Matrix-73
Principle 21 in Matrix-84
Principle 21 in Matrix-2003
de: Durcheilen
en: Hurrying
ru: Приём проскока
en: Rushing Through
Recommendations
de: Der Prozess oder einzelne seiner Etappen, z.B. schädliche oder gefährliche, werden mit hoher Geschwindigkeit durchlaufen.
en: The process or any of its stages, such as harmful or dangerous, are done at high speed.
ru: Процесс или любые его стадии, как вредные или опасные, должны проходить на большой скорости.
Lippert's Recommendations
- This is why running over hot coals does less damage to the soles of the feet than walking over them would.
- There is no analogy to this in the digital systems domain.
- This principle is useful when overcoming something that goes wrong at one given speed.
- The speed of the action can be increased to reduce or eliminate the bad effects.
TransformationOfHarmfulIntoUseful
Principle 22 in Matrix-73
Principle 22 in Matrix-84
Principle 22 in Matrix-2003
de: Umwandlung von Schädlichem in Nützliches
en: Transformation of Harmful into Useful
ru: Приём превращения вредного в полезное
en: Turn Lemons into Lemonade
Recommendations
de: Verstärke einen schädlichen Faktor bis zu einem solchen Grade, dass er aufhört, schädlich zu sein.
en: Increase a harmful factor to such an extent that it ceases to be harmful.
ru: Вредный фактор должен быть увеличен до такой степени, пока он перестает быть вредным.
de: Beseitige einen schädlichen Faktor durch Überlagerung mit anderen schädlichen Faktoren.
en: Eliminate a harmful factor by superimposing it on other harmful factors.
ru: Вредный фактор следует устранить путем наложения его на другие вредные факторы.
de: Nutze schädliche Faktoren – insbesondere die schädliche Einwirkung des Mediums – für die Erzielung eines positiven Effektes.
en: Use harmful Factors - especially the harmful effects of the medium - for the achievement of a positive effect.
ru: Вредные факторы - особенно вредные воздействия среды - должны использоваться для достижения положительного эффекта.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Combining two harmful factors can eliminate both; increasing the degree of harm can sometimes eliminate it completely.
- Often the waste can be converted into something that can be of use to another part of the object or system [41].
- The conversion of harm into benefit for a system requires a change in attitude.
- The conversion of waste heat to power using a turbine is an example of this principle.
- The system must be examined for wasted materials, energy, information, functions, space, time, etc. to find the harmful factors. Once identified, they can be dealt with.
Feedback
Principle 23 in Matrix-84
Principle 23 in Matrix-2003
de: Rückkopplung
en: Feedback
ru: Приём обратной связи
Recommendations
de: Führe eine Rückkopplung ein.
en: Insert feedback.
ru: Вставить обратную связь.
de: Falls eine Rückkopplung vorhanden ist, verändere diese.
en: If there is feedback, change it.
ru: Если есть обратная связь, измените её.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Feedback is some output of a system that is used as a control mechanism for that system.
- This output can be a useful or a harmful output.
- If a system is already using feedback, the frequency or amplitude of the feedback can be altered, or new sources of feedback can be sought.
- In systems engineering, feedback is used as an improvement driver and incremental development of systems relies heavily on feedback.
- A common application of this principle is a gas pump nozzle which senses the increasing pressure inside the tank to stop the flow of gasoline.
Mediator
Principle 24 in Matrix-84
Principle 24 in Matrix-2003
de: Vermittler
en: Mediator
ru: Принцип посредника
en: Intermediary
Recommendations
de: Binde das Objekt zeitweise an ein anderes leicht zu entfernendes Objekt.
en: Connect the object temporarily to another easily removable object.
ru: Объект должен быть связан с другим легко удаляемым объектом.
de: Nutze ein Zwischenobjekt, das die Wirkung überträgt, weitergibt oder auf sich nimmt.
en: Use an intermediate object that transmits or absorbs the effect.
ru: Используйте промежуточный объект, который передает или поглощает эффект.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Mediators exist at interfaces, and they can manifest themselves in many ways.
- It uses an intermediate carrier, a blocker or a process, and any of these can easily be removed once the link is no longer needed.
- Dedicated devices such as print servers also serve as mediators between computers and a printer and routers serve as mediators on a network.
- In system and software engineering, interface engineering accomplishes mediation using wrappers, mappings, and middleware.
- A mediator negotiates a temporary link between incompatible parties, functions, or conditions.
SelfService
Principle 25 in Matrix-73
Principle 25 in Matrix-84
Principle 25 in Matrix-2003
de: Selbstbedienung
en: Self-Service
ru: Приём самообслуживания
de: Von-Selbst-Arbeitsweise
Recommendations
de: Nutze Abprodukte, z. B. Energie und Stoff.
en: Use waste products, e.g. energy and material.
ru: Использовать отходы, например, энергия и вещество.
de: Das Objekt bedient sich selbst oder führt Hilfs- und Reparaturmaßnahmen selbst aus.
en: The object should be self-serving and carry out auxiliary and repair work itself.
ru: Объект должен быть самообслуживаемым и сам выполнять вспомогательные и ремонтные работы.
Lippert's Recommendations
- This principle refers to the ability of an object or system to process related functions in conjunction with its primary function.
- A common computer example is the automated spelling and grammar checking (in a word processor) which is executed while the user is typing.
- Automatic detection and treatment for viruses and worms is also a type of self-service performed by a computer.
- Computer viruses and worms are a special case of self-service through self-replication.
- It can overlap with feedback for timing and often makes use of excess or wasted material and energy.
- One common application of self-service is a self-healing cutting surface.
- The object services itself, repairs itself, or carries out supplementary useful actions.
- The self-service can be the result of physical, chemical, geometric, spatial, or temporal arrangement of actions or objects.
- Programs self-service through autoupdating, and clocks can self-synchronize.
Copying
Principle 26 in Matrix-73
Principle 26 in Matrix-84
Principle 26 in Matrix-2003
de: Kopieren
en: Copying
ru: Пxринцип копирования
de: Arbeit mit Modellen
Recommendations
de: Verwende vereinfachte und billige Kopien anstelle eines unzugänglichen, komplizierten, kostspieligen, schlecht handhabbaren oder zerbrechlichen Objektes.
en: Use simplified and cheap copies instead of an inaccessible, complicated, costly, difficult to handle or breakable object.
ru: Вместо недоступного, сложного, дорогостоящего, сложного в обращении или хрупкого объекта следует использовать упрощенные и дешевые копии.
de: Ersetze das Objekt oder das System von Objekten durch optische Kopien (Abbildungen).
en: Replace the object or system of objects by optical copies (illustrations).
ru: Объект или система объектов должны быть заменены оптическими копиями (иллюстрациями).
de: Wenn optische Kopien verwendet werden, wechseln Sie zu Infrarot oder Ultraviolett (verwenden Sie eine geeignete, ungewöhnliche Beleuchtungs- und Betrachtungssituation).
en: If optical copies are used, move to infrared or ultraviolet (Use an appropriate out of the ordinary illumination and viewing situation).
ru: Если используются оптические копии, перейдите к инфракрасным или ультрафиолетовым (Используйте соответствующее нестандартное освещение и ситуацию просмотра).
Lippert's Recommendations
- Computer viruses create multiple copies to achieve a broader distribution than would be possible without it.
- Utilizing a copy can allow adjustments in scale and material.
- For example, approximately 10% of the Vatican library holdings have been digitized so that scholars may “examine” minute details on computer generated images of the originals. (According to the Vatican librarian, the ability to magnify any area of the digitized image has revealed an amazing quantity of information for scholars who would not otherwise be allowed to handle the original materials.)
- Copies can be abstractions, images, dimensional models, or simulations.
- Computer emulators implement this principle by providing a copy of an operating system or environment.
- A copy is a replica of something that is used when the original itself is too valuable to be used.
InexpensiveShortLifeObject
Principle 27 in Matrix-73
Principle 27 in Matrix-84
Principle 27 in Matrix-2003
de: Billige Kurzlebigkeit statt teurer Langlebigkeit
en: Inexpensive short-living object instead of expensive longevity
ru: Приём дешёвой недолговечности вместо дорогой долговечности
en: Cheap Short-Living Objects (Disposable)
Recommendations
de: Ersetze ein teures Objekt durch ein Sortiment billiger Objekte, wobei auf einige Qualitätseigenschaften, z. B. Langlebigkeit, verzichtet wird.
en: Replace the expensive object by a range of cheap objects, with some quality features, such as longevity or service quality, being dispensed.
ru: Дорогой объект должен быть заменен рядом дешевых объектов, с некоторыми уступками к качественным характеристикам, таким как долговечность.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Cheaper, simpler, or more disposable objects can be used to reduce cost, to increase convenience and to improve the service life of an object.
- Implementing this principle requires a tradeoff of one or more properties.
- Disposability often requires a change from complication to simplicity or the replacement of a high cost material with something of lower cost.
- System and software engineering uses this principle in the development of prototypes that can help improve the actual system being created.
- A common example is that of temporary staffing or computer timesharing.
ReplacementOfMechanicalSchemes
Principle 28 in Matrix-84
Principle 28 in Matrix-2003
de: Austausch mechanischer Wirkschemata
en: Replacement of Mechanical Schemes
ru: Приём замены механической схемы
en: Mechanics Substitution
Recommendations
de: Nutze elektrische, magnetische bzw. elektromagnetische Felder für eine Wechselwirkung mit dem Objekt.
en: Exploit electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields for an interaction with the object.
ru: Использовать электрические, магнитные или электромагнитные поля для взаимодействия с объектом.
de: Gehe von unbeweglichen Feldern zu bewegten über, von konstanten zu veränderlichen, von strukturlosen zu strukturierten Feldern.
en: Change from immovable fields to moving ones, from constant fields to changing ones, from structureless to structured fields.
ru: Переходить от неподвижных полей к движущимся, от постоянных к меняющимся, от бесструктурных к структурированным полям.
de: Ersetze ein mechanisches Mittel durch ein sensorisches (optisches, akustisches, geschmackliches oder geruchliches) Mittel.
en: Replace a mechanical means with a sensory (optical, acoustic, taste or smell) means.
ru: Заменить механическое средство сенсорным (оптическим, акустическим, вкусовым или обонятельным) средством.
de: Nutze die Felder in Kombination mit Ferromagnetteilchen.
en: Use fields in conjunction with field-activated (e.g. ferromagnetic) particles
ru: Использовать поля в сочетании с ферромагнитными частицами.
Lippert's Recommendations
- A good example of an implementation of this principle is the development of voice recognition capabilities that are replacing the keyboard as an interface to a computer.
- The replacement of mechanical systems with digital systems, such as the replacement of the punched paper tape reader with a computer file system, has been taking place for many years.
- In systems where there is a human in the loop, the mechanical system can be replaced with a sensory system.
- These substitutions change or replace the principle of operation.
- This principle deals with the substitution of interactions, devices, mechanisms, and systems with physical fields or other forms, actions, and states.
PneumaticOrHydraulicConstructions
Principle 29 in Matrix-73
Principle 29 in Matrix-84
Principle 29 in Matrix-2003
de: Anwendung pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Konstruktionen
en: Pneumatic or Hydraulic Constructions
ru: Приём применения пневмо- и гидросооружений
Recommendations
de: Ersetze Feststoffteile des Objektes durch gasförmige oder flüssige, wie aufgeblasene oder mit Flüssigkeit gefüllte Teile, Luftkissen, hydrostatische oder hydroreaktive Teile.
en: Replace heavy parts of the object by gaseous or liquid parts, such as inflated or liquid-filled parts, air cushions, hydrostatic or hydroreactive parts.
ru: Вместо тяжелых частей объекта введите газообразные или жидкие части, такие как надутые или заполненные жидкостью части, воздушные подушки, гидростатические или гидрореактивные части.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Data and information can be compressed for more rapid transmission.
- Packing materials utilize this principle in the form of adjustable air bags and moldable forms.
- The energy absorption property of water is superior to that of air, and water has replaced air to cool microelectronics especially in large computers and data centers [10].
- This principle replaces a solid part of an object with gas or liquid (air or water commonly).
- System properties that can be considered for replacement include compressibility, flow, turbulence, springiness, and energy absorption.
FlexibleCoversOrThinFilms
Principle 30 in Matrix-73
Principle 30 in Matrix-84
Principle 30 in Matrix-2003
de: Anwendung biegsamer Hüllen oder dünner Folien
en: Flexible Shells or Thin Films
ru: Приём использования гибких оболочек или тонких плёнок
Recommendations
de: Isoliere das Objekt mit Hilfe biegsamer Hüllen und dünner Folie vom umgebenden Medium.
en: Isolate the object from the surrounding medium by means of flexible shells and thin foil.
ru: Объект должен быть изолирован от окружающей среды с помощью гибких оболочек и тонкой плёнки.
de: Verwende biegsame Hüllen und dünne Folien statt der üblichen Konstruktionen.
en: Use flexible shells or thin films instead of the usual constructions.
ru: Вместо обычных конструкций должны использоваться гибкие оболочки и тонкие плёнки.
Lippert's Recommendations
- These membranes can be layered to achieve the protection desired.
- In computer systems, middleware can be considered a thin film that separates the algorithms and display from the databases.
- Flexible membranes, covers, or thin films can replace traditional materials and isolate components, objects, or systems from their environment.
- Wrappers (for functions or data) can also be considered as thin films or flexible membranes.
- Graphical user interfaces are another example where the separation is between the “guts” of a program and the end user.
PorousMaterials
Principle 31 in Matrix-84
Principle 31 in Matrix-2003
de: Verwendung poröser Werkstoffe
en: Porous Materials
ru: Приём использования пористых материалов
en: Using Holes
Recommendations
de: Führe das Objekt porös aus, oder benutze zusätzlich poröse Elemente (Einsatzstücke, Überzüge usw.).
en: The object should be porous, or additional porous elements (inserts, coatings, etc.) should be used.
ru: Объект должен быть пористым, или следует использовать дополнительные пористые элементы (вставки, покрытия и т. д.).
de: Wenn das Objekt bereits porös ausgeführt ist, fülle die Poren mit einem geeigneten Stoff.
en: If the object is already porous, fill the pores with a suitable substance.
ru: Если объект уже пористый, заполните поры подходящим веществом.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Materials (gasses, solids, and liquids) can be made more porous by creating voids. Such voids change the condition of the materials and increase their surface area.
- In the physical construction of a system, empty space is left for room to expand the system.
- This principle can be utilized to increase air flow or achieve filtering.
- In digital transmissions, protocols often contain “reserved” fields that are unused (or empty) space.
- It should not be limited just to materials as it can be applied equally as well to space, time, fields, functions, and information.
ChangeColorAndTransparency
Principle 32 in Matrix-73
Principle 32 in Matrix-84
Principle 32 in Matrix-2003
de: Veränderung von Farbe und Transparenz
en: Color and Transparency Changes
ru: Приём изменения окраски и прозрачности
Recommendations
de: Wenn solche Bedingungen bereits angewandt werden, setze Leuchtstoffe ein.
en: If such conditions are already applied, use flourescent material.
ru: Если такие условия уже применяются, используйте люминофоры.
de: Nutze färbende Zuschläge zur Beobachtung schlecht sichtbarer Objekte oder Prozesse.
en: For observing poorly visible objects or processes, use coloring additives.
ru: Для наблюдения плохо видимых предметов или процессов используйте красящие добавки.
de: Verändere den Grad der Durchsichtigkeit des Objektes oder des umgebenden Mediums.
en: Change the degree of transparency of the object or the surrounding medium.
ru: Степень прозрачности объекта или окружающей среды должна быть изменена.
de: Verändere die Farbe des Objektes oder des umgebenden Mediums.
en: Change the color of the object or the surrounding medium.
ru: Цвет объекта или окружающей среды должны быть изменены.
Lippert's Recommendations
- State change or status can easily be represented by alteration of color, translucency, and or size.
- Graphical user interfaces for computers make excellent use of this principle.
- In nature at least, the ability to change color can insure survival [8].
- A change in color of a system can enhance value or make it easier to detect change.
- As well, objects (or the environment) can be made translucent with this principle.
- It can also be used to improve measurement or improve visibility.
Homogeneity
Principle 33 in Matrix-73
Principle 33 in Matrix-84
Principle 33 in Matrix-2003
de: Homogenität
en: Homogeneity
ru: Приём однородности
de: Gleichartigkeit
Recommendations
de: Fertige Objekte, die mit dem gegebenen Objekt zusammenwirken, aus demselben Werkstoff oder einem Werkstoff mit annähernd gleichen Eigenschaften.
en: Make objects that interact with the given object of the same material or a material with approximately the same characteristics.
ru: Объекты, взаимодействующие с данным объектом, должны быть изготовлены из того же материала или материала с примерно такими же характеристиками.
Lippert's Recommendations
- In systems design, homogeneity is achieved by having all the components provided by the same source thereby eliminating the need for integration.
- Homogeneity states that if two or more objects or substances interact, they should consist of the same material, energy, or information.
- Marginal homogeneity can also be employed where there are inconsequential differences between the objects or substances.
- In information science, this principle can be implemented through abstraction, and can also refer to the creation of a unified data model.
- Creating homogeneity eliminates translation and transposition.
- These interactions can be through action, features, functions or objects.
- In the digital domain, this principle can be implemented by combining functions that access the same data into a single application.
EliminationAndRegenerationOfParts
Principle 34 in Matrix-73
Principle 34 in Matrix-84
Principle 34 in Matrix-2003
de: Beseitigung und Regenerierung von Teilen
en: Elimination and Regeneration of Parts
ru: Приём отброса и регенерации частей
de: Ballast abwerfen
en: Discarding and Recovering Parts
Recommendations
de: Stelle verbrauchte Teile eines Objektes unmittelbar im Arbeitsgang wieder her.
en: Restore used parts of an object immediately during the operation.
ru: Отработанные части объекта восстанавливаются непосредственно во время операции.
de: Teile eines Objektes, die ihren Zweck erfüllt haben oder unbrauchbar geworden ist, werden beseitigt (aufgelöst, verdampft o. ä.) oder unmittelbar im Arbeitsgang umgewandelt.
en: Part of an object that has served its purpose or has become unusable is eliminated (dissolved, vaporized, or the like) or converted immediately during the operation.
ru: Часть объекта, которая выполнила свою задачу или стала непригодной для использования, устраняется (растворяется, испаряется и т. п.) или преобразуется непосредственно во время операции.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Rejecting is removing, discarding, dissolving, or evaporating, a part of an object or system that is no longer needed.
- Regeneration is the repair or restoration of a part so that it might be reused.
- In network communications, packet headers are handled according to this principle.
- In databases, a transaction rollback implements both parts of this principle.
- In computer programming, the process of garbage collection is a regeneration of computer memory.
- An example of rejecting is a biodegradable packaging material.
ChangePhysicalOrChemicalParameters
Principle 35 in Matrix-73
Principle 35 in Matrix-84
Principle 35 in Matrix-2003
de: Veränderung der physikalischen oder chemischen Parameter eines Objekts
en: Changing physical or chemical parameters of an object
ru: Приём изменения физико-химических параметров объекта
de: Aggregatzustände und deren Übergänge beherrschen
en: Parameter Changes
Recommendations
de: Änderung der Konzentration oder der Konsistenz
en: Change the concentration or consistency
ru: Изменить концентрацию или консистенцию
de: Ändern des Flexibilitätsgrads
en: Change the degree of flexibility
ru: Изменить степень гибкости
de: Ändern der Temperatur
en: Change the temperature
ru: Изменить температуру
de: Veränderung des physikalischen Zustands eines Objekts (z. B. in ein Gas, eine Flüssigkeit oder einen Feststoff)
en: Change an object's physical state (e.g. to a gas, liquid, or solid)
ru: Изменение физического состояния объекта (например, превращение в газ, жидкость или твердое тело)
de: Das Ändern der Parameter eines Objekts betrifft nicht nur Substanzen, sondern auch Felder
en: Changing the parameters of an object concerns not only substances, but also fields
ru: Изменение параметров объекта касается не только вещест, но и полей
PhaseTransition
Principle 36 in Matrix-84
Principle 36 in Matrix-2003
de: Anwendung von Phasenübergängen
en: Phase Transitions
ru: Приём применения фазовых переходов
Recommendations
de: Nutze bei Phasenübergängen auftretenden Erscheinungen, z. B. Volumenänderung, Wärmeentwicklung oder -absorption usw.
en: Exploit phenomena occurring during phase transitions, e.g. change in volume, evolution or absorption of heat, etc.
ru: Использовать явления, возникающие во время фазовых переходов, например, изменение объема, выделение или поглощение тепла и т. д.
Lippert's Recommendations
- A change from physical to digital can also be considered a phase transition and is exemplified by the transition from postal mail to electronic mail.
- Phase transitions are accommodated by alteration of other properties of the material, alterations which include volume changes and altered heat capacity which can be captured for benefit to the system.
- Materials that change phase (gas to liquid, liquid to solid, solid to gas) can be used to implement an effect on an object or system.
ThermalExpansion
Principle 37 in Matrix-84
Principle 37 in Matrix-2003
de: Anwendung von Wärmeausdehnung
en: Thermal Expansion
ru: Приём применения термического расширения
en: Relative Change
Recommendations
de: Nutze die Wärmedehnung oder -verdichtung von Werkstoffen aus.
en: Exploit the thermal expansion or compression of materials.
ru: Следует использовать термическое расширение или сжатие материалов.
de: Nutze mehrere Werkstoffe mit unterschiedlicher Wärmedehnungszahl.
en: Use several materials with different thermal expansion coefficients.
ru: Использовать несколько материалов с различными коэффициентами теплового расширения.
Lippert's Recommendations
- This principle uses the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy.
- The principle can be extended to other phenomena such as gravity, light, and pressure.
- In systems where there is a heat-induced change, the heat can be used to benefit the system, or it can be negated.
StrongOxidants
Principle 38 in Matrix-84
Principle 38 in Matrix-2003
de: Anwendung starker Oxidationsmittel
en: Application of strong oxidants
ru: Приём применения сильных окислителей
en: Accelerated Oxidation
Recommendations
de: Ersetze normale atmosphärische Luft durch aktivierte.
en: Replace normal atmospheric air by activated.
ru: Заменить нормальный атмосферный воздух активированным.
de: Ersetze die aktivierte Luft durch Sauerstoff.
en: Replace the activated air by oxygen.
ru: Заменить активированный воздух кислородом.
de: Setze Luft oder Sauerstoff der Einwirkung ionisierender Strahlung aus.
en: Expose air or oxygen to ionizing radiation.
ru: Воздух или кислород должны подвергаться воздействию ионизирующего излучения.
de: Verwende ozonierten Sauerstoff.
en: Use ozonated oxygen.
ru: Используйте озонированный кислород.
de: Ersetze ozonierten oder ionisierten Sauerstoff durch Ozon.
en: Replace ozonated or ionized oxygen with ozone.
ru: Заменить озонированный или ионизированный кислород озоном.
Lippert's Recommendations
- Application to the digital domain requires focusing on the catalytic function.
- An example is the format in which information is held. The format can obfuscate or facilitate use and understanding of the information.
- Optimization of functions can be achieved in several ways in the digital environment.
- The various states of oxygen can be leveraged as a catalyst for change, improving an action or function. Catalysts can be used to accelerate or decelerate an action and support optimization of functions.
- Visualization is another catalyst for understanding.
InertMedium
Principle 39 in Matrix-84
Principle 39 in Matrix-2003
de: Verwendung eines inerten Mediums
en: Inert medium
ru: Приём применения инертной среды
en: Calmed Atmosphere
Recommendations
de: Ersetze das übliche Medium durch ein reaktionsträgeres.
en: Replace the usual medium by a less responsive one.
ru: Обычную среду заменить на более инертную.
de: Führe den Prozess im Vakuum durch.
en: Carry out the process in a vacuum.
ru: Процесс должен проводиться в вакууме.
de: Hinzufügen neutraler Teile oder inerter Zusatzstoffe zu einem Objekt.
en: Add neutral parts, or inert additives to an object.
ru: Добавлять нейтральные части или инертные добавки к объекту.
Lippert's Recommendations
- This is often achieved through shielding.
- A clean room is a good example of an inert environment.
- A test environment (harness) for system testing and a virtual sandbox are both examples of inert environments.
- Implementation of this principle requires first the determination of what it is which is preventing the desired function and then requires the creation of the inert environment to protect or enable that function.
- In operational environments, this would be the removal of extraneous electromagnetic emissions from the environment of the system.
- An inert environment is a neutral atmosphere or environment that supports a desired function.
CompositeMaterials
Principle 40 in Matrix-84
Principle 40 in Matrix-2003
de: Verwendung von Verbundstoffen
en: Composite Materials
ru: Приём применения составных материалов
Recommendations
de: Gehe von einfachen Stoffen zu zusammengesetzten Stoffen über.
en: Convert simple substances into composite ones.
ru: Однородные вещества должны быть заменены составными.
Lippert's Recommendations
- In systems engineering, the use of commodity hardware from a variety of sources to create a system creates a composite.
- Such a replacement often results in layering.
- This principle is the opposite of homogeneity.
- The emerging process of mash-ups in the digital domain is an implementation of this principle.
- It is the replacement of homogeneous materials with composites.